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The following tutorial describes how to upgrade Debian 10 to a newer version of Debian 11
We will do everything from the console by replacing the repositories. attention! you do so at your own risk!

First, we update all packages and the entire current system:

We start the terminal and issue commands:

apt-get update -y

apt-get upgrade -y

apt-get dist-upgrade -y

Unnecessary packages in the system will be removed with commands:

apt-get autoremove

apt-get clean

To be sure, restart the system with the command:

reboot

We check the version of our system by issuing a command:

lsb_release -a

the result of the:

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 10 (buster)
Release: 10
Codename: buster

We move on to editing the repositories.

edit file:

nano /etc/apt/sources.list

and replace everything in it with the following repositories:

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye main contrib non-free
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bullseye-security main
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian bullseye-backports main contrib non-free

Save the file.

We are updating packages:

apt-get update -y

If everything went well, we update the entire system with a command:

apt-get full-upgrade -y

After this operation, restart the system by issuing the command:

reboot

If the system is up it's already a good sign 😉

We start the terminal and verify the version of our system by issuing a command:

lsb_release -a

the result of the:

No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)
Release: 11
Codename: bullseye

As you can see, everything went well.